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	<id>https://michaelnielsen.org/polymath/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Carlson%27s_theorem</id>
	<title>Carlson&#039;s theorem - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://michaelnielsen.org/polymath/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Carlson%27s_theorem"/>
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	<updated>2026-06-02T07:36:36Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.42.3</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://michaelnielsen.org/polymath/index.php?title=Carlson%27s_theorem&amp;diff=252&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Teorth at 07:51, 16 February 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://michaelnielsen.org/polymath/index.php?title=Carlson%27s_theorem&amp;diff=252&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-02-16T07:51:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 00:51, 16 February 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l8&quot;&gt;Line 8:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 8:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;This follows by viewing a combinatorial line in &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;[3]^\omega&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; as an element in &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;[4]^\omega&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; containing at least one 4, thinking of the 4 as the &amp;quot;wildcard&amp;quot; for the line.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;This follows by viewing a combinatorial line in &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;[3]^\omega&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; as an element in &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;[4]^\omega&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; containing at least one 4, thinking of the 4 as the &amp;quot;wildcard&amp;quot; for the line.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The k=2 version of this theorem is [[Hindman&#039;s theorem]].&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Teorth</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://michaelnielsen.org/polymath/index.php?title=Carlson%27s_theorem&amp;diff=245&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Teorth at 02:14, 16 February 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://michaelnielsen.org/polymath/index.php?title=Carlson%27s_theorem&amp;diff=245&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-02-16T02:14:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 19:14, 15 February 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Carlson&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-Simpson Graham-Rothschild &lt;/del&gt;theorem&#039;&#039;&#039; (k=3), Version I: If &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;[4]^\omega := \bigcup_{n=0}^\infty [4]^n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is partitioned into finitely many color classes, then there exists an infinite-dimensional [[combinatorial subspace]] with no fixed coordinate equal to 4, such that every element of this combinatorial subspace with at least one 4 has the same color.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Carlson&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;s &lt;/ins&gt;theorem&#039;&#039;&#039; (k=3), Version I: If &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;[4]^\omega := \bigcup_{n=0}^\infty [4]^n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is partitioned into finitely many color classes, then there exists an infinite-dimensional [[combinatorial subspace]] with no fixed coordinate equal to 4, such that every element of this combinatorial subspace with at least one 4 has the same color.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;This theorem is a common generalization of the [[Carlson-Simpson theorem]] and the [[Graham-Rothschild theorem]].  It plays a key role in the [[Furstenberg-Katznelson argument]].  It is necessary to restrict to elements containing at least one 4; consider the coloring that colors a string black if it contains at least one 4, and white otherwise.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;This theorem is a common generalization of the [[Carlson-Simpson theorem]] and the [[Graham-Rothschild theorem]].  It plays a key role in the [[Furstenberg-Katznelson argument]].  It is necessary to restrict to elements containing at least one 4; consider the coloring that colors a string black if it contains at least one 4, and white otherwise.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l5&quot;&gt;Line 5:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 5:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;It has an equivalent formulation:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;It has an equivalent formulation:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Carlson&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-Simpson Graham-Rothschild &lt;/del&gt;theorem&#039;&#039;&#039; (k=3), Version I: If the [[combinatorial line]]s in &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;[3]^\omega := \bigcup_{n=0}^\infty [3]^n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are partitioned into finitely many color classes, then there exists an infinite-dimensional [[combinatorial subspace]] such that all combinatorial lines in this subspace have the same color.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Carlson&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;s &lt;/ins&gt;theorem&#039;&#039;&#039; (k=3), Version I: If the [[combinatorial line]]s in &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;[3]^\omega := \bigcup_{n=0}^\infty [3]^n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are partitioned into finitely many color classes, then there exists an infinite-dimensional [[combinatorial subspace]] such that all combinatorial lines in this subspace have the same color.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;This follows by viewing a combinatorial line in &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;[3]^\omega&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; as an element in &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;[4]^\omega&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; containing at least one 4, thinking of the 4 as the &amp;quot;wildcard&amp;quot; for the line.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;This follows by viewing a combinatorial line in &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;[3]^\omega&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; as an element in &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;[4]^\omega&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; containing at least one 4, thinking of the 4 as the &amp;quot;wildcard&amp;quot; for the line.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Teorth</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://michaelnielsen.org/polymath/index.php?title=Carlson%27s_theorem&amp;diff=239&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Teorth: Carlson-Simpson Graham-Rothschild theorem moved to Carlson&#039;s theorem</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://michaelnielsen.org/polymath/index.php?title=Carlson%27s_theorem&amp;diff=239&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-02-16T02:12:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/polymath/index.php?title=Carlson-Simpson_Graham-Rothschild_theorem&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Carlson-Simpson Graham-Rothschild theorem (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;Carlson-Simpson Graham-Rothschild theorem&lt;/a&gt; moved to &lt;a href=&quot;/polymath/index.php?title=Carlson%27s_theorem&quot; title=&quot;Carlson&amp;#039;s theorem&quot;&gt;Carlson&amp;#039;s theorem&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 19:12, 15 February 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-notice&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(No difference)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Teorth</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://michaelnielsen.org/polymath/index.php?title=Carlson%27s_theorem&amp;diff=227&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Teorth: New page: &#039;&#039;&#039;Carlson-Simpson Graham-Rothschild theorem&#039;&#039;&#039; (k=3), Version I: If &lt;math&gt;[4]^\omega := \bigcup_{n=0}^\infty [4]^n&lt;/math&gt; is partitioned into finitely many color classes, then there exist...</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://michaelnielsen.org/polymath/index.php?title=Carlson%27s_theorem&amp;diff=227&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-02-16T01:36:02Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;New page: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Carlson-Simpson Graham-Rothschild theorem&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (k=3), Version I: If &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;[4]^\omega := \bigcup_{n=0}^\infty [4]^n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is partitioned into finitely many color classes, then there exist...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Carlson-Simpson Graham-Rothschild theorem&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (k=3), Version I: If &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;[4]^\omega := \bigcup_{n=0}^\infty [4]^n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is partitioned into finitely many color classes, then there exists an infinite-dimensional [[combinatorial subspace]] with no fixed coordinate equal to 4, such that every element of this combinatorial subspace with at least one 4 has the same color.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This theorem is a common generalization of the [[Carlson-Simpson theorem]] and the [[Graham-Rothschild theorem]].  It plays a key role in the [[Furstenberg-Katznelson argument]].  It is necessary to restrict to elements containing at least one 4; consider the coloring that colors a string black if it contains at least one 4, and white otherwise.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It has an equivalent formulation:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Carlson-Simpson Graham-Rothschild theorem&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (k=3), Version I: If the [[combinatorial line]]s in &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;[3]^\omega := \bigcup_{n=0}^\infty [3]^n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are partitioned into finitely many color classes, then there exists an infinite-dimensional [[combinatorial subspace]] such that all combinatorial lines in this subspace have the same color.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This follows by viewing a combinatorial line in &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;[3]^\omega&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; as an element in &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;[4]^\omega&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; containing at least one 4, thinking of the 4 as the &amp;quot;wildcard&amp;quot; for the line.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Teorth</name></author>
	</entry>
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