Biweekly links for 11/13/2009

  • Polymath and the origin of life « Gowers’s Weblog
    • Tim Gowers has some very interesting ideas for an open science project to come up with a simple theoretical model where self-replication organisms are likely to spontaneously arise. In this post he tries to formulate a question or questions such a project could feasibly attack, and discusses what would count as a success.
  • The Law of Unintended Consequences
    • “From 1992 to September 2003, pharmaceutical companies tied up the federal courts with 494 patent suits. That’s more than the number filed in the computer hardware, aerospace, defense, and chemical industries combined. Those legal expenses are part of a giant, hidden “drug tax”–a tax that has to be paid by someone. And that someone, as you’ll see below, is you. You don’t get the tab all at once, of course. It shows up in higher drug costs, higher tuition bills, higher taxes–and tragically, fewer medical miracles.

      So how did we get to this sorry place? It was one piece of federal legislation that you’ve probably never heard of–a 1980 tweak to the U.S. patent and trademark law known as the Bayh-Dole Act. That single law, named for its sponsors, Senators Birch Bayh and Bob Dole, in essence transferred the title of all discoveries made with the help of federal research grants to the universities and small businesses where they were made. “

  • Evil reptilian kitten-eater from another planet – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    • “”Evil reptilian kitten-eater from another planet (Sorry.)” was a pejorative used to refer to then Ontario Liberal Party opposition leader Dalton McGuinty in a press release disseminated by the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario on September 12, 2003, during the provincial election campaign in Ontario, Canada.”
  • Structure+Strangeness: Power laws and all that jazz, redux
    • Aaron Clauset summarizes his review (with Cosma Shalizi and Mark Newman) of how to fit and validate power-law distributions in empirical data. A lot of phenomena that people think follow power laws… well, don’t.
  • bixo
    • Open source Hadoop-based web crawler. Backed by EMI Music and ShareThis.
  • Math Overflow « Combinatorics and more
    • Gil Kalai’s impressions of Math Overflow, the new question and answer site for mathematicians.
  • Charlie’s Diary: Designing society for posterity
    • “So. You, and a quarter of a million other folks, have embarked on a 1000-year voyage aboard a hollowed-out asteroid. What sort of governance and society do you think would be most comfortable, not to mention likely to survive the trip without civil war, famine, and reigns of terror?”
  • History’s greatest comet hunter discovers 1000th comet
    • A fascinating amateur-professional hybrid model for processing data. A wide field robotic solar observatory takes data, which is then examined by amateurs (and pros), who find comets as they graze the sun. One of the amateurs has discovered more than 150 comets this way, which is an appreciable fraction of all the comets discovered in all of history.
  • Shigeki Murakami;Can comet hunters survive?
    • Despair and elation over new automated telescopes.
  • Barack Obama’s Work in Progress
    • Many interesting tidbits on how Obama writes.
  • Open Knowledge Conference (OKCon) 2010: Call for Proposals
    • “We welcome proposals on any aspect of creating, publishing or reusing content or data that is open in accordance with opendefinition.org. “
  • Scientific software quality: what would it take to convince software engineers?
    • “what would convince you, as a software engineer, that a climate model is of good software quality or not? I asked this question at the CASCON workshop… No one had an answer. In fact, most people just dismissed the question with a laugh. Is it that silly of a question? I think it’s a great one… I’ve asked a few climate scientists the same question in earnest: what convinces you that climate model software is of good quality or not? The answers have been quite varied. Knowing the history of the model, or the development team, the state of the documentation, whether they’ve seen the model code or not, and generally how open the development is, are some of the things that factor into their assessment.”
  • The Sleep Experiment
    • Beautiful virtual choir on YouTube
  • Rough Type: Nicholas Carr’s Blog: Does my tweet look fat?
    • “…it becomes kind of annoying when somebody actually uses the full 140 characters. Jeez, I’m going to skip that tweet. It’s too long.

      The same thing has happened, of course, with texting. Who sends a 160-character text? A 160-character text would feel downright Homeric. And that’s what a 140-character tweet is starting to feel like, too.

      I think our alphabetic system of writing may be doomed. It doesn’t work well with realtime communication. That’s why people are forced to use all sorts of abbreviations and symbols – the alphabet’s just too damn slow. In the end, I bet we move back to a purely hieroglyphic system of writing, with the number of available symbols limited to what can fit onto a smartphone keypad. Honestly, I think that communicating effectively in realtime requires no more than 25 or 30 units of meaning. “

  • To science!
    • Cheers!
  • The original quasar paper: 3C 273 : A Star-Like Object with Large Red-Shift : Nature
    • 3C 273 is approximately 100 times brighter than our Milky Way; it’s probably about the size of our solar system. It’s 2 billion light years away, and can be seen in a good optical amateur telescope. Other quasars had been seen earlier, but this was the paper that nailed what strange objects they are.
  • NYT’s Keller: “What you can do with less, is less” » Nieman Journalism Lab
    • Lengthy, fascinating remarks from the editor of the New York Times, Bill Keller.
  • The problem with data-driven science
    • “However, data-driven science becomes more messy, methodologically and conceptually, when generation and testing of hypotheses are both based on the same, enormous data sets, and when the hypotheses to be tested are products of an automated search for patterns. Thousand-to-one odds in favor of a hypothesis (based on the usual kind of analysis) don’t mean much when a million hypotheses were screened to find it — but the evidence is the same, so what is the problem?

      In other words, What is so special about starting with a human-generated hypothesis? Bayesian methods suggest what I think is the right answer: To get from probabilistic evidence to the probability of something requires combining the evidence with a prior expectation, a “prior probability”, and human hypothesis generation enables this requirement to be ignored with considerable practical success.”

  • An interview with Alain Connes (pdf)
    • Connes on the future of mathematics, the value of freedom in mathematical research, and much else.

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Biweekly links for 11/06/2009

  • Lo and Behold: the Internet
    • “Forty years ago today, a team led by Leonard Kleinrock typed the “Lo” of “Login” into a Stanford computer, which promptly crashed before the command could be entered. But because Kleinrock’s team was sending this message from a UCLA machine, he had just taken part in one of the great milestones in communication history.”
  • iGEM 2009: In the thick of it. – synthesis
    • Rob Carlson on current progress in synthetic biology.
  • The Public Terabyte Dataset project « Elastic Web Mining | Bixolabs
    • “This is a high quality crawl of top web sites, using AWS’s Elastic Map Reduce, Concurrent’s Cascading workflow API, and Bixolab’s elastic web mining platform.

      Hosting for the resulting dataset will be provided by Amazon in S3, and freely available to all EC2 users.

      In addition, the code used to create and process the dataset will be available for download”

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Biweekly links for 11/02/2009

  • Charlie’s Diary: How habitable is the Earth?
    • Not very, according to this very interesting article by Charlie Stross.
  • Google Search Guru Singhal: We Will Try Outlandish Ideas – BusinessWeek
    • Informative interview with the head of Google’s search ranking team. They run 6000 experiments per year, make about 500 changes per year to how search ranking works. Academic stemming algorithms don’t really work for Google. They have a very low-friction system for running tests, making it very easy to deploy the large amounts of infrastructure needed to run the tests.
  • The Prime lexicon
    • English words that are prime when interpreted as base 36 numbers – “Animation” is prime, for example. Sentences made up with primes would be fun, or even a book.

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Biweekly links for 10/30/2009

  • Deep Data Dives Discover Natural Laws | Communications of the ACM
    • “[researchers Lipson and Schmidt] recently mined a large quantity of metabolic data provided by Gurol Suel, assistant professor at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. The algorithm came up with two “very simple, very elegant” invariants—so far unpublished—that are able to accurately predict new data. But neither they nor Suel has any idea what the invariants mean, Lipson says. “So what we are doing now is trying to automate the interpretation stage, by saying, ‘Here’s what we know about the system, here’s the textbook biology; can you explain the new equations in terms of the old equations?'”

      Lipson says the ultimate challenge may lie in dealing with laws so complicated they defy human understanding. Then, automation of the interpretation phase would be extremely difficult. “What if it’s like trying to explain Shakespeare to a dog?” he asks.”

  • The Data Explosion and the Scientific Method
    • Eric Drexler reminds us that the shift from hypothesis-driven to data-driven science in fact _is_ a shift, and likely one with surprising effects.
  • Seb’s Open Research: The Fate of the Incompetent Teacher in the YouTube Era
    • “Good teachers have always had some measure of fame at the local level. Let’s not kid ourselves: within a school, the students know who is a good teacher and who is no more illuminating than a wet pack of matches.

      The net takes that to a whole different level. Eventually everyone will know who the good teachers are, and will be able to tune into them. They will be rock stars.”

  • Research on Twitter and Microblogging
    • danah boyd’s bibliography of research on twitter and microblogging.
  • Smart Mobs » Blog Archive » Just one degree of separation
    • “An Australian intel analyst blogger, Leah Farrall, and an insurgent strategist blogger, Abu Walid, are now holding a debate in public across the blogs…. [Abu Walid is ] one of the leading figures in the interwoven tales of Al Q and the Taliban, a veteran muj from the Afghan fight against the Soviets with “a reputation as a skilled and pragmatic strategist and battlefield tactician”. He was an early member of Mullah Omar’s circle, has served as a correspondent for Al-Jazeera, and has penned a dozen books.”

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Biweekly links for 10/26/2009

  • …My heart’s in Accra » Jonah Lehrer: Outsider Intelligence
    • “An experiment at Indiana University brought in a group students and gave them insight puzzles, which measure divergent thinking and creativity. One was the compound remote associate test. If I give you the words “mile”, “sand”, “age” – what word can be added to all of them to make a valid word or a phrase?

      One group was told that the problem came from researchers down the hall. Another was told that it came from a team in Greece. The people told that the problem came from Greece solved 40% more of the puzzles. “

  • Linus Says, Linux Not Designed; It Never Was | KernelTrap
    • Fascinating discussion by Linus Torvalds about the pitfalls of design: “And I know better than most that what I envisioned 10 years ago has _nothing_ in common with what Linux is today. There was certainly no premeditated design there. And I will claim that nobody else “designed” Linux any more than I did, and I doubt I’ll have many people disagreeing. It grew. It grew with a lot of mutations – and because the mutations were less than random, they were faster and more directed than alpha-particles in DNA. “
  • Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI)
    • A network of undersea sensors connected by 1200 kilometers of multi-gigabit cable. The data is, I believe, going to be open. Estimated cost is $600 million, and it’s supposed to come online in 2014.
  • The (Skilled) Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
    • Timothy Burke on teaching students about the presentation of self.

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Biweekly links for 10/23/2009

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Biweekly links for 10/16/2009

  • Galaxy Zoo Blog » Down the pub with Alaskans*
    • Galaxy Zoo is, of course, a nice way of solving this problem: “The way we run a traditional science class is as if we were trying to teach students how to play soccer (football) by showing them videotapes of matches, without ever letting them play the game.

      But it’s even worse than that! We tell them about the results of science as knowledge, which is like teaching about football by showing them highlight reels of spectacular goals, without showing them the careful match strategy – not to mention years of practice – that goes into creating those goals.”

  • Marginal Revolution: Refuting this post helps confirm it
    • Super peer review: “Chess players who train with computers are much stronger for it. They test their intuitions and receive rapid feedback as to what works, simply by running their program. People who learn economics through the blogosphere also receive feedback, especially if they sample dialogue across a number of blogs of differing perspectives. The feedback comes from which arguments other people found convincing. Do the points you wanted to hold firm on, or cede, correspond to the evolution of the dialogue? This feedback is not as accurate as Rybka but it’s an ongoing test of your fluid intelligence and your ability to revise your opinion.

      Not many outsiders understand what a powerful learning mechanism the blogosphere has set in place.”

  • Stitching science together : Nature
    • Cameron Neylon on Google Wave.
  • Massively collaborative mathematics
    • Nature opinion piece about the Polymath Project, open source mathematics, and open science.

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Biweekly links for 10/12/2009

  • Math Overflow
    • Question and answer site for mathematics, with quite a bit of serious activity at a high level.
  • Nomination for the Nobel Peace Prize
    • How nominations are actually solicited.
  • Building Web Reputation Systems: The Dollhouse Mafia, or “Don’t Display Negative Karma”
    • “The Sims Online allowed users to declare other users un trustworthy too. The face of an untrustworthy user appeared circled in bright red among all the trustworthy faces in a user’s hub.

      It didn’t take long for a group calling itself the Sims Mafia to figure out how to use this mechanic to shake down new users when they arrived in the game. The dialog would go something like this:

      “Hi! I see from your hub that you’re new to the area. Give me all your Simoleans or my friends and I will make it impossible to rent a house.”

      “What are you talking about?”

      “I’m a member of the Sims Mafia, and we will all mark you as untrustworthy, turning your hub solid red (with no more room for green), and no one will play with you. You have five minutes to comply. If you think I’m kidding, look at your hub-three of us have already marked you red. Don’t worry, we’ll turn it green when you pay…”

      … Playing dollhouse doesn’t usually involve gangsters.”

  • Sergey Brin: A tale of 10,000,000 books
    • Brin on the Google Book settlement.
  • Charlie’s Diary: Scottish Independence
    • Charlie Stross outlines a plausible path by which Scotland might become completely independent over the next few years.

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